Volvo9401991Overview/volvo/940/1991/base/

1991 Volvo 940

Factory specifications, fluid capacities, torque values, EPA fuel economy and the federal safety record for the 1991 940.

Transmission Automatic 4-spd

The 1991 Volvo 940 is a full-size sedan equipped with a four-speed automatic transmission and achieving EPA fuel economy ratings of 16/22/18 mpg across city/highway/combined cycles, requiring 4.0 quarts of engine oil with viscosity options of 15W-40, 10W-30, or 5W-30 meeting API standards. This model year sits near the beginning of the 940's complaint history spanning 1990-1998, recording just 11 total owner complaints—substantially lower than the peak of 44 complaints logged in 1994—making it one of the more reliable years in the model's run. With two recalls issued and air bags identified as the top complaint area, the 1991 falls within a period where the platform experienced notably fewer issues than it would in subsequent years before the trajectory shifted upward.

Model year19951994199319921991

Quick specs

Fluid capacities, tune-up values and fuel economy at a glance.

Engine oil capacity4.0 qtOEM · verified
Engine oil type15W-40 / 10W-30 / 5W-30 APIOEM · verified
EPA fuel economy16/22/18 mpgEPA · verified

Full specifications

Engine, drivetrain, dimensions and economy.

Engine & drivetrain NHTSA vPIC

TransmissionAutomatic 4-spd

Dimensions & weight NHTSA vPIC

Overall length191.7 in
Overall width69.3 in
Overall height55.5 in
Wheelbase109.1 in
Curb weight3168 lb
Weight distribution (front / rear)53/47

Ratings & economy EPA / vPIC

EPA city / highway / combined16 / 22 / 18 mpg
DrivetrainRear-Wheel Drive
Passenger volume94 cu ft
Cargo volume17 cu ft
Recommended fuelRegular Gasoline

Performance & power Independent road tests

0–60 mph, quarter-mile, horsepower and torque from independent road tests.

Independent road tests for the 940 of this era, listed by trim and engine — this page spans more than one engine, so no single horsepower figure is shown.

7.8–8.9 sec0–60 mph (tested)quickest 7.80 sec — 1991 SE Sedan
YearTrim / engine0–60¼ mileHPDrivetrain
1991SE Sedan 2.3L Turbo I-47.80 sec16.20 sec162 hpRWD
1991Turbo Sedan 2.3L Turbo I-48.40 sec16.60 sec162 hpRWD
1991Turbo Sedan 2.3L Turbo I-48.90 sec16.80 sec162 hpRWD

Service quick specs OEM factory data

Capacities, torques and tune-up values from the factory service manual.

This engine holds 4.0 qt of 15W-40 / 10W-30 / 5W-30 API engine oil, DOT 4 brake fluid.

Lubricants & capacities

Brake FluidDOT 4
Engine CoolantETHYLENE GLYCOL
Engine Oil15W-40 · API · 10W-30 · 5W-30
Engine Oil Capacity4.0 qt
Power Steering FluidATF

Factory maintenance schedule OEM · verified

Normal service, condensed from the factory interval matrix.

Under the factory schedule, replace the engine oil and filter every 5,000 mi; spark plugs every 30,000 mi.

At 5,000 miTiming Belt (inspect)
Every 5,000 miBrake Linings (inspect) · Engine Oil (drain & refill) · Engine Oil Filter (replace) · Power Steering System (inspect) · Radio Antenna (clean) · Tire & Wheel Assembly (inspect)
At 10,000 miSuspension System (inspect)
Every 10,000 miBattery (inspect electrolyte level) · Body Latches, Locks & Hinges (inspect) · Brake System (inspect) · Clutch Pedal Assembly (inspect) · Differential (inspect fluid level) · Driveshaft U-Joint (inspect)
Every 20,000 miSteering Gear Box Assembly (inspect) · Suspension Shock or Strut (inspect) · Transmission Assembly (drain & refill)
Every 30,000 miAccessory Drive Belt (inspect) · Brake Hydraulic System (drain, refill & bleed) · Driveshaft Support Bearing (inspect) · Engine Air Filter Element (replace) · Engine Valves (inspect valve lash) · Spark Plugs (replace)
Every 55,000 miTiming Belt (inspect)
Every 60,000 miEGR System (inspect) · Fuel Filter (replace) · PCV System (inspect)

Reliability & federal safety record

Owner-reported issues, recalls, investigations and service bulletins on record with NHTSA — an unfiltered look at what owners actually experience.

The 1991 Volvo 940 marks a sharp inflection point in the generation's federal record, jumping from a single complaint and no recalls in 1990 to 11 complaints, two recalls, two investigations, and 10 TSBs — the only model year besides 1993 to carry any recalls at all. Complaints then climb steadily to a peak of 44 in 1994 while TSBs explode to 68 in 1992 and remain elevated through 1995, indicating that 1991 sits at the leading edge of a sustained quality downturn rather than an isolated spike. The 1991 complaint profile centers on air bags (3), seats (3), fuel system (2), and speed control (1), with three fire-related complaints and one crash report; the data does not specify root causes for any of these categories. Although 1991's raw numbers are far lower than the mid-generation peak, its two recalls and the onset of elevated TSB activity suggest early-production risk that later years amplified rather than resolved. For a buyer, this means 1991 avoids the highest complaint volumes but carries the generation's only multi-recall year and the earliest signals of systemic issues — verify recall completion and scrutinize air bag, seat, and fuel system components before purchase.

2
Open recalls
NHTSA campaigns
10
Service bulletins
Manufacturer communications
2
ODI investigations
Office of Defects Investigation
11
Owner complaints
1 involved a crash · 3 a fire
Owner complaints by model year NHTSA · this generation & adjacent

Owner complaints filed with NHTSA, by component

All 11 complaints on record, top 6 components.

Air Bags3
Seats3
Fuel System, Gasoline2
Vehicle Speed Control1
Electrical System1
Structure1

Source: NHTSA Office of Defects Investigation complaint database.

Recalls NHTSA · verified

Showing 2 of 2 campaigns on record for this vehicle.

91V010000Fuel System, Gasoline:Delivery:Fuel PumpReported 08/01/1991

IF CONDITIONS OF HIGH AMBIENT TEMPERATURE, OVERFILLING OF THE FUEL TANK, AND INSUFFICIENT TORQUE ON THE SENDING UNIT LOCK RING EXIST SIMULTANEOUSLY, FUEL SEEPAGE MAY OCCUR FROM THE TOP OF THE TANK. Remedy: RETORQUE SENDING UNIT LOCK RING; REPLACE LOCK RING GASKET IF FUEL SEEPAGE IS DETECTED. NOTE: THE ONLY 940 MODEL SUBJECT TO THIS RECALL IS THE 940SE.

91V075000Seat Belts:Front:AnchorageReported 06/05/1991

SAFETY BELTS ARE DESIGNED TO BE ROUTED UNDER A DIAGONAL CROSS BRACE DURING FASTENING. THE INSTRUCTIONAL LABELS FOR THE BELT ROUTING ARE INADEQUATE, AND CAN RESULT IN INADVERTENT RELEASE OF THE BELT BUCKLE. Remedy: INSTALL LABELS TO INSTRUCT THE USER IN PROPER SAFETY BELT ROUTING; ALSO REPLACE SAFETY BELT BUCKLES.

Technical service bulletins NHTSA · verified

Showing 5 of 10 bulletins on record with NHTSA.

BulletinDateComponentSummary
356EN012022-02-09EquipmentVIDA QR Scanner Mobile App
Service Manager2022-02-03Electrical SystemShipping and Handling of Volvo Lithium-ion 48V Mild Hybrid Battery to Global Battery…
SPJ31760202016-07-15EquipmentThis document is a Service Product Journal: Memory used for VIDA is not fully optimized…
SMB00-3252016-06-21Equipment*No Description
SMB-00-3532016-06-17EquipmentThe Volvo Technical Helpdesk (THD) is a central contact point available to authorized…

Common OBD-II trouble codes

The most common OBD-II codes for this vehicle's emissions system. These are standardized SAE J2012 definitions, not vehicle-specific fault reports.

P0420
Catalyst system efficiency below threshold — Bank 1
P0300
Random / multiple cylinder misfire detected
P0171
System too lean — Bank 1
P0455
Evaporative emission system leak detected — large leak
P0128
Coolant thermostat below regulating temperature
P0442
Evaporative emission system leak detected — small leak

VIN tools

Decode factory build data for a specific vehicle by VIN.

VIN
Decode a VIN to confirm the transmission and build data for a specific 940. OEM
Build data
Plant, GVWR class, engine and body data for any 17-character VIN.
Recalls
Check open recall campaigns against a specific vehicle by VIN.

Vehicles with shared specs

Find every vehicle that shares this one's battery, bulbs, oil capacity, platform or parts.

Reference guides

Cross-vehicle references for the kinds of data on this page.

Frequently asked

How much oil does the 1991 940 take?

4.0 qt of ABOVE 0 degrees F: 15W-40 API, -14 degrees F TO 104 degrees F: 10W-30 API, BELOW 68 degrees F: 5W-30 API, per the factory manual.

Does the 1991 940 have open recalls?

NHTSA lists 2 recall campaign(s) for this model year. Check your specific vehicle by VIN.

What gas mileage does the 940 get?

EPA figures are 16 city / 22 highway / 18 combined mpg.