HomeTrouble CodesP0551

P0551 — Power Steering Pressure Sensorswitch Circuit Rangeperformance

Generic OBD-II · all makesPowertrain (engine & transmission)

This code indicates the power steering pressure sensor (or switch) is sending a voltage signal to the PCM that falls outside the expected range or behaves irrationally for the given engine load conditions. The PCM uses this input to raise idle speed when high steering effort is detected; a range/performance fault means the circuit data cannot be trusted.

Symptoms

What causes it — most likely first

1. Failed power steering pressure sensor

The internal pressure transducer or switch contacts degrade internally, producing voltage readings that drift above or below the calibrated threshold regardless of actual hydraulic pressure.

2. Wiring or connector faults

Corroded, oil-contaminated, or bent pins at the sensor harness, along with chafed or shorted wires between the sensor and PCM, disrupt signal integrity and reference voltage.

3. Power steering fluid aeration or restriction

Low fluid level, air ingestion, or a restricted supply hose causes erratic pressure spikes or drops that the sensor reports as irrational circuit performance.

4. Reference voltage circuit interruption

An open or high-resistance condition in the 5-volt reference line from the PCM to the sensor results in out-of-range sensor output even when the sensor itself is functional.

5. Powertrain control module failure

Internal signal processing faults within the PCM are statistically rare for this code and should only be considered after the sensor, wiring, and hydraulic system have been verified.

How it's diagnosed

  1. Visually inspect the sensor electrical connector and pigtail for oil contamination, corrosion, bent pins, or wire chafing.
  2. Verify power steering fluid level and inspect for aeration or leaks; bleed the system if air is present.
  3. Measure sensor signal voltage and resistance against manufacturer specifications while an assistant turns the steering wheel lock-to-lock.
  4. Test continuity and check for short-to-ground or short-to-voltage on the signal and 5-volt reference circuits between the sensor and PCM.
  5. Compare live data stream pressure readings to actual steering inputs; replace the sensor if values do not correlate or are stuck at extremes.
  6. If all mechanical and electrical tests pass, verify PCM software calibration and consider control module testing only as a final step.

Code facts & related codes

SystemPowertrain (engine & transmission)
StandardizationSAE generic — identical on every make

Frequently asked

Is it safe to drive with this code set?

Short trips are generally manageable, but the engine may stall during parking lot maneuvers when steering load is highest, creating a potential safety hazard.

Will this code cause my power steering to stop working?

No; the fault is electrical and affects only the pressure monitoring circuit. Hydraulic assist typically remains functional, though idle quality may degrade when steering.

Should I replace the engine computer (PCM) to fix this?

Almost never. The PCM is rarely the root cause of P0551; accurate diagnosis almost always identifies a faulty sensor, wiring issue, or hydraulic condition.

Can I just clear the code and see if it returns?

Clearing the code may extinguish the light temporarily, but if the sensor, wiring, or fluid condition remains defective, the code will reset within a few drive cycles.